menya ibintu bidasazwe bibera kuri cya kirwa cy’ibanga Ubwongereza na Amerika badashaka ko umenya

Mu buryo budasanzwe, BBC yemerewe kugera kuri iki kirwa mu ntangiriro z’uku kwezi.

“Ni umwanzi,” niko umwe mu basirikare atera urwenya abonye ngarutse mu cyumba cyanjye nijoro kuri Diego Garcia, izina ryanjye ryashyizwe mu ibara ry’umuhondo ku rutonde afite.

Mu mezi menshi, BBC yaharaniye ko yemererwa kugera kuri iki kirwa – ni cyo kinini mu itsinda ry’ibirwa biri hagati muri iyi nyanja, itsinda ryitwa Chagos Archipelago.

Twashakaga gukora inkuru ku rubanza rw’amateka rurimo kuba ku uburyo aba-Tammils bo muri Sri Lanka bafashwe, abo ni abantu ba mbere basabye ubuhungiro kuri iki kirwa, bahezeyo ubu hashize imyaka itatu.

Nyuma y’urusobe rw’imanza ku hazaza habo, umwanzuro w’urukiko kuri iki kibazo uzasohoka mu minsi iri imbere, hamenyekane niba bafunze mu buryo budakurikije amategeko.

Mbere y’uko tugera kuri iki kirwa, inkuru yabo kwari ukuyikurikiranira kure gusa.

Diego Garcia iri ku ntera ya 1,600km uvuye ku butaka bugari buri hafi, iki kirwa kiri ku rutonde rw’ibirwa biri kure cyane y’ubutaka bugari ku isi.

Nta ndege z’ubucuruzi zijyayo kandi kujyayo n’ubwato ntibyoroshye – impushya zihabwa amato akaba yahagarara ku tundi turwa muri iriya Archipelago, ayo mato na yo aba ari mu rugendo mu nyanja y’Ubuhinde, ntahatinda.

Kwinjira kuri iki kirwa bisaba uruhushya, ruhabwa gusa abantu bafite aho bahuriye n’icyo kigo cya gisirikare cyangwa ubutegetsi bw’Ubwongereza butegeka iki kirwa.

Abanyamakuru bo ni amateka ko bagiye babuzwa kuhakandagira.

Abanyamategeko ba leta y’Ubwongereza bazanye ikirego cyo kugerageza kubuza ko BBC ijyayo gukurikirana ruriya urubanza, yewe n’igihe twahabwaga uburenganzira bitegetswe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga, Amerika yarajuriye, ivuga ko itazatanga ibiribwa, uburyo bwo kugenda n’icumbi ku bantu bazajya kuri iki kirwa muri ruriya rubanza – harimo n’umucamanza n’abunganizi mu mategeko.

Inyandiko zahererekanyijwe hagati y’izi leta zombi mu mpeshyi y’uyu mwaka, zabonywe na BBC, zigaragaza ko impande zombi zari zifite impungenge zikomeye ku kwemerera igitangazamakuru na kimwe kugera kuri Diego Garcia.

“Nk’uko twabiganiriyeho ubushize, Leta Zunze Ubumwe [za Amerika] ziremeranya n’uruhande rwa HMG [His Majesty’s Government/Leta y’Umwami] ko byaba byiza abanyamakuru bakomeje gukurikira urubanza ku ikoranabuhanga bari i London, mu kugabanya ibyago ku mutekano wa kiriya kigo,” ni ko inyandiko imwe yoherejwe na leta ya Amerika ku bategetsi mu Bwongereza ivuga.

Ubwo amaherezo bampaga uruhushya rwo kumara iminsi itanu kuri kiriya kirwa, byazanye n’amabwiriza akomeye.

Ayo ntiyarebaga urubanza gusa. Ahubwo yarimo n’ingendo zanjye kuri iki kirwa yewe no kubuzwa kugira icyo ntangaza ku byo ntemerewe.

Ubusabe ko habamo impinduka ntoya mu byo nemerewe muri urwo ruhusa abategetsi b’Ubwongereza barabwanze.

Abakozi bo muri kompanyi y’umutekano ya G4S bajyanywe kuri iki kirwa ngo bazarinde banacunge BBC n’abanyamategeko bajyanywe gukurikirana urubanza.

Ariko nubwo hariho ayo mananiza yose, nabashaga kubona amakuru menshi, yose yamfashije kugira ishusho y’aha hantu hari mu habujijwe cyane kurusha ahandi ku isi.

Uhasatira uri mu ndege, uba ureba ibiti byinshi bya coconut n’ibimera kimeza kuri iki kirwa cya kilometero kare 44 gifite ishusho nk’iy’ikirenge cy’umuntu.

Diego Garcia ni kimwe mu birwa bigera kuri 60 bigize Chagos Archipelago cyangwa British Indian Ocean Territory (Biot) – ahantu hanyuma Ubwongereza bugikolonije kuva bwahatandukanya n’igihugu cy’Ibirwa bya Maurices mu 1965.

Iki kirwa giherereye ku ntera yo hagati ya Afurika y’Uburasirazuba na Indonesia.

Twururuka n’indege nini ya gisirikare ku kirwa, ubona icyapa kinini ku nzu y’indege (hangar) kikuramutsa cyanditseho ngo: “Diego Garcia. Ku kirenge cy’ubwisanzure”, kiri munsi y’ibendera ry’Ubwongereza n’iry’Amerika.

Iki kigo cya gisirikare gihuriweho n’Ubwongereza na Amerika kiri hano kuva mu myaka ya 1970.

Amasezerano yasinywe mu 1966 yo gukodesha Amerika iki kirwa igihe cy’imyaka 50 ku ikubitiro, ishobora kongerwaho indi 20. Ayo masezerano yaje kongerwa ku buryo azageza mu 2036.

Uko nca mu gusakwa ku kibuga cy’indege nkomeza, niko mbona uko Amerika n’Ubwongereza byigaragaza hano.

Aho abagenzi bashyikira bavuye mu ndege, hari umuryango ushushanyijeho ibirango by’Ubwongereza, harimo n’ishusho ya Wiston Churchill wabaye Minitiri w’intebe w’Ubwongereza.

Ku kirwa ubwacyo, nabonye imodoka za Polisi y’Ubwongereza ndetse n’akabari kitwa Brit Club. Twaciye ku mihanda yitwa Britannia Way na Churchill Road.

Ariko hano imodoka zitwarirwa iburyo, nk’uko bigenda muri Amerika.

Badutembereje ahatandukanye mu modoka ya bisi y’umuhondo isa na bisi zo kw’ishuri zo muri Amerika.

Idolari rya Amerika niryo faranga ryemewe hano kandi ‘sockets’ z’amashanyarazi ni inyamerika.

Ibiryo twahawe muri iyo minsi itanu byarimo “tater tots” – indyo y’ibirayi bikaranze bikunzwe muri Amerika, n’ibisuguti byo muri Amerika.

Mu gihe iki kirwa gitegekerwa i London, benshi mu bakozi, ibikenerwa, n’ibikoresho bigenzurwa na Amerika.

Mu busabe bwa BBC bwo kugera kuri iki kirwa, abategetsi b’Ubwongereza bohererezaga ibibazo abo muri Amerika.

Ubwo Amerika yatambamiraga ko rubanza rubera kuri iki kirwa mu mpeshyi, umwe mu bategetsi bakuru muri Ministeri y’Ingabo yavuze ko Ubwongereza “nta bubasha bufite bwo gutanga uruhushya rwo kujyayo”.

Mu butumwa bwa email kuri mugenzi we wo mu bubanyi n’amahanga, yaranditse ati: “Kugenzura umutekano birebwa na Amerika…ni bo bafite ububasha busesuye kuri aho hantu”.

Umukuru w’iki kirwa kuri ubu yavuze ko bidashoboka ko “yasaba abategetsi ba Amerika” gutanga uruhushya rwo kugera ku kigo na kimwe cyubatswe na Amerika mu masezerano ibihugu byombi bifitanye, nubwo aha ari ku butaka bw’Ubwongereza.

Mu myaka ya vuba, aha hantu hatwaraga leta y’Ubwongereza miliyoni za milongo z’amapawundi mu gikorwa kitwa “ikiguzi ku bimukira”.

Ubutumwa BBC yabonye hagati y’abakozi ba minisiteri y’ububanyi n’amahanga muri Nyakanga(7) ku ba-Tamils bo muri Sri Lanka, buburira ko “icyo kiguzi kirimo kuzamuka kandi babona kizagera kuri miliyoni 50£ ku mwaka”.

Umwuka kuri iki kirwa ni mwiza. Abasirikare n’abandi bakozi barancaho kuri za moto, ndabona n’abantu barimo gukina tennis no guserebeka ku nyanja ku kazuba ka nimugoroba.

Hari inzu ya cinema yarimo yamamaza ko yerekana filimi za Alien na Borderlands, ndetse hari ahantu ho gukinira bowling n’inzu ndangamurage ifatanye n’iguriro ry’impano, nubwo hano ntari nemerewe kwinjiramo.

Twaciye ahagurishwa ibiryo hitwa Jake’s Place, n’iruhande rw’ubutaka buriho icyapa cyanditseho ngo: “Aho kwogera no gutemberera”. Kuri iki kirwa hanacururizwa za T-shirts n’ibikombe byanditseho Diego Garcia.

Gusa hari ibikomeza kukwibutsa ko aha hari ikigo cya gisirikare gikomeye.

Ushobora kumva imyitozo ya gisirikare kare cyane mu gitondo, kandi hafi yaho twacumbikiwe hari inyubako ikikijwe n’uruzitiro rukomeye nabwiwe ko ari ububiko bw’intwaro.

Igihe cyose, abasirikare ba Amerika n’Ubwongereza bahora bari maso bareba ikintu cyose gicaracara.

Iki kirwa gifite ubwiza kamere bugaragara, uhereye ku bimera byacyo, imyaro y’umucanga wera, n’ibiti byinshi bya coconut.

Abasirikare baho baburira akaga gashobora guterwa n’amafi y’inkazi ya ‘sharks’ mu mazi akikije iki kirwa.

Gusa kuri iki kirwa hari n’ibisigisigi byo hambere harimo ubugome.

Ubwo Ubwongereza bwatangiraga kugenzura ibirwa byo muri Chagos – bubihawe n’Ibirwa bya Maurices/Mauritius bwahoze bukoloniza, vuba vuba bwatangiye kwimura abaturage bagera ku 1,000 bari batuye kuri Diego Garcia ngo hajye ikigo cya gisirikare.

Abo bantu bahoze ari abacakara bazanywe mu birwa bya Chagos bavuye muri Madagascar na Mozambique, baje gukora mu mirima ya coconut y’Abakoloni b’Abongereza n’Abafaransa.

Aba bantu, mu binyejana byakurikiyeho, bacuze ururimi rwabo, umuziki, n’umuco.

Nabashije kubona ahahoze ari imirima minini y’ubuhinzi mu burasirazuba bw’iki kirwa, haracyaboneka inyubako zishaje zitarimo abantu. Ku nzu imwe y’uwari ukuriye ubwo buhinzi hariho icyapa cyanditseho ngo “Iyi nzu iteje icyago. Wikwinjiramo. Ni itegeko: Uhagarariye Ubwongereza”.

Mu rusengero ruri muri iyo mirima, hari icyapa cyanditse mu Gifaransa, kivuga ngo: “Reka dusengere bashiki bacu na basaza bacu bo muri Chagos”.

Indogobe zo ku gasozi ziba zigenda hano. Umwanditsi David Vine, wanditse igitabo ‘Island of Shame: The Secret History of the US Military Base on Diego Garcia’ asobanura izi ndogobe “nk’ibisigisigi bya sosiyete yari ihari mu myaka igera kuri 200”.

Inyandiko y’abadipolomate b’Ubwongereza yo mu 1966 ivuga ko ibi birwa byari bituwe “na ba Tarazans (abantu baba mu ishyamba) bacye, batazwi neza inkomoko yabo, ariko bashobora kuba bafitanye isano n’Ibirwa bya Maurices”.

Indi nyandiko ya cyera ya leta ivuga ko ibi birwa byatoranyijwe “kuko atari ahantu h’ingenzi gusa, ahubwo kuko nta n’abaturage bahoraho hafite”.

“Abanyamerika by’umwihariko babona ibi nk’ingenzi cyane mu kwisanzura mu bikorwa, bari kure y’ahatuwe n’abaturage [kuko] haba hari ibyubahirizwa byinshi”.

Umwanditsi David Vine avuga ko Abanyamerika batekereje ibi birwa mu gihe “hariho inkundura y’ubwigenge”, kandi Amerika yari ihangayikishijwe no gukomeza itakaza ibigo bya gisirikare ahatandukanye ku isi.

Diego Garcia yari kimwe mu birwa byinshi bifuza, nk’uko David Vine abivuga, nyuma kiza kuba “ikirwa cy’ibanze” bashaka kubera abaturage bacye cyane bakiriho no kuba kiri hagati na hagati mu nyanja y’Ubuhinde.

Ku Bwongereza nk’uko abivuga, yari amahirwe yo kugumana umubano wa gisirikare na Amerika, nubwo Abongereza baba “bafiteyo uruhare rutoya cyane” – kandi ko Ubwongereza bwari bunabifitemo inyungu.

Mu masezerano y’ibanga agenga ibi birwa hagati y’ibi bihugu, Amerika yemeye kugabanyiriza Ubwongereza miliyoni 14$ ku kiguzi cya za misile kirimbuzi bwaguze.

Mu 1967, kuvana abaturage bose ku birwa bya Chagos byaratangiye.

Imbwa, n’izindi nyamaswa zo mu rugo zararundayijwe ziricwa. Abari bahatuye bashyizwe mu mato bajyanwa mu birwa bya Maurices cyangwa muri Seychelles.

Mu 2002 Ubwongereza bwahaye ubwenegihugu bamwe mu bari batuye ku birwa bya Chagos, benshi baje gutura mu Bwongereza.

Mu buhamya bwatanzwe mu Rukiko Mpuzamahanga (International Court of Justice) mu myaka yakurikiyeho, Liseby Elysé wavanywe ku birwa bya Chagos yavuze ko abantu baho “twari tubayeho ubuzima bwiza, tutabuze na kimwe” mbere yo kwirukanwa.

Uyu mugore yagize ati: “Umunsi umwe umutegetsi yaratubwiye ngo tugomba kuva ku kirwa cyacu, tukava mu nzu zacu tukagenda. Abantu bose barababaye. Ariko nta mahitamo twari dufite. Nta mpamvu n’imwe baduhaye. Nta muntu wifuzaga kuvanwa iwacu aho twavukiye, tukaharandurwa nk’inyamaswa”.

Abahoze bahatuye bamaze imyaka myinshi baharanira gusubizwa iwabo.

Mauritius yabonye ubwigenge ku Bwongereza mu 1968, n’ubu ishimangira ko ibi birwa ari ibyayo, kandi Urukiko rwa ONU rwatanze umwanzuro, ujya inama, ko Ubwongereza butegetse ibi birwa “binyuranyije n’amategeko” kandi ibyo bigomba kurangira.

Uru rukiko rwavuze ko ibirwa bya Chagos bigomba gusubizwa igihugu cy’Ibirwa bya Maurices/Mauritius kugira ngo ubukoloni bw’Ubwongereza bube burangiye byuzuye.

Ikigo Human Rights Watch cyavuze ko “kuvana ku ngufu abaturage ba Chagos ku birwa byabo bikozwe na Amerika n’Ubwongereza, no gukomeza kubabuza gusubira iwabo, bigize ibyaha ku nyoko muntu”.

Human Rights Watch yagize iti: “Ibi ni ibyaha birenze ibindi leta ishobora kuryozwa. Ni icyaha cy’ubukoloni bukomeje mu gihe aba Chagos bakomeje kubuzwa gusubira iwabo”.

Leta y’Ubwongereza mbere yavuze ko “nta gushidikanya” ifite ko ari yo nyiri biriya birwa, byari bigize “ubusugire bw’Ubwongereza kuva mu 1814”.

Gusa mu 2022 London yemeye gufungura ibiganiro na Mauritius ku hazaza ha biriya birwa, aho uwari Minisitiri w’ububanyi n’amahanga James Cleverly yavuze ko ashaka “kurangiza ibibazo byose bisigaye”.

Mu ntangiriro z’uku kwezi, leta ya London yatangaje ko Jonathan Powell – wahoze ari umukuru w’ibiro bya Tony Blair akiri minsitiri w’intebe – ashinzwe ibiganiro byo kumvikana na Mauritius ku bigendanye n’ibirwa bya Chagos.

Leta y’Ubwongereza iriho ubu igaragaza ubushake mu kugera ku kumvikana na Mauritius ku hazaza h’ibi birwa.

Hagati aho, Matthew Savill, umukuru wa siyanse ya gisirikare mu kigo Rusi gisesengura iby’igisirikare cy’Ubwongereza, avuga ko Diego Garcia ari ikigo cya gisirikare “cy’ingenzi cyane” “kubera aho giherereye mu nyanja y’Ubuhinde n’ibikoresho bihari: icyambu, ububiko bw’intwaro, n’ikibuga cy’indege”.

Ikindi kigo cy’Ubwongereza kiri hafi kuri 3,400km uvuye aho, na hafi 4,800km kuri Amerika, nk’uko Matthew abisobanura.

Avuga kandi ko kiriya kirwa kiri ahantu h’ingenzi cyane mu “kugenzura isanzure, n’ubushobozi bwo kureba ibice bitandukanye”.

Ibigega biri kuri Diego Garcia byakoreshejwe mu guha ibitoro indege z’intambara za Amerika za B-2 Bombers zari zavuye muri Amerika zigiye kurasa muri Afghanistan nyuma y’ibitero bya tariki 11 Nzeri(9) 2001 kuri Amerika.

Kandi mu ntambara yakurikiyeho “ku iterabwoba”, indege z’intambara zahagurukiraga kuri iki kirwa zijya kurwana muri Irak na Afghanistan.

Ikigo gihari ni kimwe “mu hantu hacye cyane haboneka ku isi ushobora guha ibitoro n’ibindi bintu amato agendera mu mazi hasi” atwaye intwaro nka misile za Tomahawk, nk’uko Savill abivuga.

Kuri iki kirwa Amerika yahashyize ibikoresho byinshi cyane n’ububiko butandukanye bwafasha ingabo.

Walter Ladwig III, umwalimu w’ububanyi n’amahanga muri King’s College London, abona ko icyo kigo “gifite umumaro ukomeye” ariko “gifite ibanga ryo ku rwego rwo hejuru y’iryo tubona ahandi hantu”.

Ati: “Hari uburyo bukomeye bwo kubuza kuhagera, bisa n’aho birenze igipimo ugereranyije n’ibyo abantu bazi, mu bushozi n’ingabo ziriyo”.

Mu gihe nari kuri iki kirwa, nasabwaga kwambara ikiranga abashyitsi kandi buri gihe nacungirwaga hafi.

Aho ndara hari harinzwe amasaha 24 kandi abagabo bari hanze batangaga raporo igihe nsohotse n’igihe ngarukiye – buri gihe kandi nkaba mperekejwe.

Hagati mu myaka ya 1980, umunyamakuru w’Umwongereza Simon Winchester yakoze nk’aho ubwato bwe bwagize ikibazo bugeze hafi y’iki kirwa. Byatuye amara iminsi ibiri muri icyo kigobe, maze abasha – by’akanya gato – gukandagira ku mwaro w’iki kirwa mbere yo gusubizwa mu nyanja, baramubwira ngo: “Genda kandi ntuzagaruke”.

Simon yambwiye ko yibuka abategetsi b’Abongereza yahasanze “banyutse inabi cyane”, n’uburyo iki kirwa “cyari cyiza cyane”.

Imyaka irenga 20 nyuma yaho, umunyamakuru wa Time Magazine yamaze iminota 90 kuri iki kirwa ubwo indege ya Perezida wa Amerika yahahagaze ngo inywe ibitoro ikomeze.

Ibihuha bimaze igihe kinini bivuga ko mu bukorerwa kuri Diego Garcia harimo, ko urwego rw’ubutasi bwo hanze rw’Amerika (CIA) ruhafungira, rukanahakorerwa ibazwa abakekwaho iterabwoba.

Mu 2008, leta y’Ubwongereza yemeye ko mu 2002 hari indege zagiyeyo zitwaye abakekwaho iterabwoba, hari hashize imyaka ibi babihakana.

Nyuma uruhande rwa Amerika rwaje guhakana ayo makuru yatanzwe n’Ubwongereza, ruvuga ko “nta ndege zitwaye imfungwa zigeze zigwa” kuri Diego Garcia, ruvuga ko ari indege zari mu bindi bikorwa.

Nyuma y’imyaka, Lawrence Wilkerson wahoze ari umukuru w’ibiro bya minisitiri w’ingabo Colin Powell, yabwiye Vice News ko abakozi b’ubutasi bamubwiye ko Diego Garcia yakoreshwaga nk’ahantu “abantu bafungirwa bidahoraho kandi bagakorerwa ibazwa”.

Ntabwo nigeze nemererwa kwegera ahantu na hamwe ha gisirikare kuri Diego Garcia.

Nyuma yo kuva mu nzu nari ncumbitsemo kuri iki kirwa bwa nyuma, nakiriye ubutumwa bwa email bunshimira uko nahabaye bunansaba kugira icyo mbivugaho.

Mbere yo kuvayo, pasiporo yanjye yatewemo kashe y’ako gace. Ifite ikirangantego kivuga ngo: “In tutela nostra Limuria”, bisobanuye ngo “Ni twe dushinzwe Limuria” – Limuria ni umugabane wo mu ntekerezo bivugwa ko waburiye mu nyanja y’Ubihinde.

Umugabane utabaho bisa n’aho ari wo kirango cy’ikirwa giteje impaka, kandi abantu bacye cyane – kuva abari bagituye bagikurwaho – ari bo bemerewe kugikandagiraho.

Ku rubanza rw’uko aba-Tamils bo muri Sri Lanka bari kuri iki kirwa bafashwe, umwanzuro warwo utegerejwe vuba kandi BBC izakurikirana iyo nkuru