inyubako za mbere zabayeho muri africa zidasanzwe mu myubakire yazo

Izi ni zimwe mu nyubako 12 z’amateka kandi zujuje ubuhanga mu myubakire bagaragaza.

1) Imva za Kasubi, Uganda – 1882

Mu murwa mukuru Kampala, izi nyubako z’Umwami Kasubi ni ahantu haranga ubwami bwa Buganda.

Zubatswe mbere na mbere mu mbaho n’ibindi bikoresho by’umwimerere. Imbere igisenge gitamirije n’inziga 52 zisobanura amoko 52 yari atuye ubwo bwami.

Mukasa, wavukiye muri Uganda, yasuye izi mva bwa mbere afite imyaka 10. Yabwiye BBC ati: “Byari bihebuje. Si ingano yayo gusa ahubwo n’ubwiza.

“Yubatswe mu mpera z’ikinyajana cya 19 mbere y’uko haza ibikoresho bigezweho, hakoreshejwe uburyo gakondo bumaze imyaka amagana. Numva iyi nyubako ifite umwanya wihariye. Iyo ugezemo imbere, uratwarwa.”

2) Isoko rya Lideta, Ethiopia – 2017

Ni inzu y’ubucuruzi igendeye ku myubakire igezweho, yubatswe na Vilalta Studio mu murwa mukuru Addis-Abeba wa Ethiopia hakoreshejwe ‘beton yoroheje’.

Yubatse mu buryo imbere hayo hatangaje n’inyuma hashwiragiza urumuri rusanzwe kandi hagatanga akayaga imbere mu nyubako.

Muri rusange, ishusho y’iyi nyubako yiganye ubwoko bw’igitambaro gakondo kizwi muri Ethiopia.

3) Complexe Hikma, Niger – 2018

Mariam Kamara, washinze kompanyi ikora imbata z’inyubako yakoranye na Yasaman Esmaili nawe ufite indi nka yo, bavugurura umusigiti wa cyera cyane w’aba-Haussa wari warangiritse ugahinduka igihuku (umusaka mu Kirundi), bayongeraho imbuga y’abantu n’isomero.

Igice kinini cy’iyi nyubako ni amatafari y’ibitaka n’ibindi bintu biyubatse byose byavanywe ahantu hatarenze 5Km uvuye kuri iyi nzu mu gace kitwa Dandaji.

Kuri Dalbai, uyu mushinga uratangaje bidasanzwe kubera uruvange rw’agahebuzo rw’ibishya n’ibya cyera.

Uyu mwubatsi w’Umudage yabwiye BBC ati: “Ni inyubako igezweho ariko kandi inafite imizi mu muco wa Niger.”

4) Ikigo cy’abashyitsi cya Maropeng, South Africa – 2006

Izwi mu murage w’isi w’intangirio z’ikiremwamuntu, Maropeng ni ahantu bubatse mu buryo bugezweho hasurwa cyane hateganyirijwe kwereka abantu uburyo umuntu yazamutse mu iterambere rigezweho.

Iyi nyubako itangaje yatekerejwe inashushanywa na kompanyi z’ubwubatsi zo muri Arfica y’Epfo; GAPP Architects na MMA Studio.

Iyi nyubako ubwayo imeze nk’agahinga k’umusozi gashibutse mu butaka mu ishusho ikozwe mu buryo kamere bitangaje.

5) Pyramides za Meroë, Sudan – 300 mbere ya J-C.

Nizo zimaze imyaka myinshi cyane mu nyubako zatangajwe n’aba bahanga, bivugwa ko zubatswe mu myaka 300 mbere ya Yezu/Yesu, ziri ahitwa Meroë mu kibaya cy’uruzi Nil, kuri hafi 200Km uvuye i Khartoum ugana mu majyaruguru.

Izi nyubako ziri mu murage w’isi wa UNESCO aho ziri hahoze ari mu murwa mukuru w’icyari Ubwami bwa Koushite, ubushakashatsi mu matongo ya cyera bwahabonye ibikoresho, insengero n’ibindi byaranze ubwo bwami.

Pyramides ziri aho zahoze ari imva z’abo mu bwami kandi zubatse mu matafari abumbwe mu mucanga.

6) Inzu z’Abasotho, Lesotho – igihe zubakiwe ntikizwi

Muri Lesotho, ‘Litema’ ni uburyo bw’ubugeni bwo kurimbisha inzu bayisiga amabara ku gice cyayo cy’imbere.

Iyi nzu yubatse mu matafari y’ibitaka isize mu bugeni gakondo amabara y’umutuku usobanuye uburumbuke n’igitambo, umweru usobanuye umucyo n’amahoro, umukara usobanuye abasokuru, n’icyizere cy’imvura kirangwa n’ishusho y’ibicu bibuditse.

Mukasa ati: “Inzu z’Abasotho ziratangaje kubera amabara n’ubugeni azitatse. Nabonye ari ibintu bidasanzwe uburyo abantu bakoresha ibintu bibegereye mu guhindura inzu ya cyera igikorwa cy’ubugeni gitangaje.”

7) Isomero Kenneth Dike, Nigeria – 1954

Iri somero rivugwa kenshi ko ari kimwe mu bikorwa by’ingenzi byaranze impinduka mu bwubatsi bugezweho bugendanye n’ikirere cyo ku mirongo mbariro y’isi.

Yubatswe mu gihe uburyo bw’ibice birwanya izuba ku nyubako bwari bigezweho, bwazanywe n’umuhanga mu bwubatsi w’Umufaransa buzwi nka “brise-soleil” – uburyo bw’inyubako igabanya ubushyuhe imbere muri yo ishwiragije urumuri rw’izuba.

Iyi nzu yashushanyijwe na Maxwell Fry na Jane Drew, nabo bari mu batangije ubu buryo bw’inyubako mu Bwongereza.

Iri somero riri mu bigize campus ya kaminuza ya Ibadan – yashinzwe n’abakoloni b’Abongereza mu 1948 – ryabaye icyitegererezo ku bwubatsi bugendanye n’ikirere cy’aho hantu.

8) Umusigiti mukuru wa Djenné, Mali – Ikinyejana cya 13

Ikirango cya Islam, uyu musigiti niyo nyubako nini ku isi yubatswe mu bitaka. Ni ikirango cy’umujyi wa Djenné, wabaye centre ikomeye y’ubucuruzi hagati y’imyaka ya 800 na 1,250.

Inkuta zawo zisennye neza zubakishijwe amatafari y’ibitaka yumishijwe n’izuba, ibindi bice byubakishije umucanga n’ibitaka hamwe n’ibiti.

Buri mwaka, bafatanyije, abaturage b’uyu mujyi basena uyu musigiti mu gikorwa rusange kizwi cyane muri Mali ku izina rya Crépissage de la Grande Mosquée.

9) Ingoro y’Umwami w’Abami Fasilides, Ethiopia – Intangiriro z’ikinyejana cya 17

Iyi ngoro iri mu mujyi wa Gondar mu ntara ya Amhara mu majyaruguru ya Ethiopia, ahantu hari ingoro nk’izi nyinshi hazwi ku izina rya ‘Fasil Ghebbi’.

Aha hari ingoro zigera kuri 20, inzu z’ubwami, insengero, n’inzu zihariye zubatswe mu buryo bw’uruvange rw’ubuhanga mu bwubatsi bw’Abahinde, Abaportugal, n’abaturage ba hano.

Imyubakire y’izi nzu yashingiye ku buryo bwo kubaka bwazanywe muri Gondar n’abamisiyoneri b’abayezuwiti.

10) Chapelle y’abadominikani, Nigeria -1973

Umunyabugeni Demas Nwoko yavanze ubuhanga mu bwubatsi bwa Nigeria hamwe n’ibigezweho maze havamo iyi ‘chapelle’ y’abadominikani iri i Ibadan muri Nigeria.

Iyi nyubako ifite ibintu birimo nk’inkuta z’imbaho ziconze, n’icyuma cyatunganyijwe kigize ibice by’inzugi cyangwa igisenge.

Kuri Mukasa, iyi ‘chapelle’ yavanyeho imitekerereze yo kubaka mu buryo bugezweho gusa byari biharawe muri Africa icyo gihe.

11) Umusigiti Mukuru, Bénin – 1912-1935

Uri mu mujyi wa Porto-Novo, umurwa mukuru wa Benin, ni urugero rw’ubwubatsi bukomatanyije bwa Africa na Brazil mu ishusho y’insengero zo mu kinyejana cya 17 na 18 muri leta ya Bahia mu majyaruguru ya Brazil. Mu mitako y’amabara y’umuhondo, ikigina, icyatsi n’ubururu byibutsa amateka y’ubwubatsi ya Bahia.

Uyu musigiti ni umwe muri myinshi nka yo yubatswe mu kinyejana cya 20 n’abakomoka ku bacakara babohowe bakava muri Amerika y’Epfo bagataha iwabo.

Dalbai ati: “Izi nyubako muri Benin ni ikirango cy’ihuriro mpuzamigabane ry’ubuhanga mu bwubatsi bwa Africa, Amerika y’epfo n’Uburayi.”

12) Mapungubwe Interpretation Centre, South Africa – 2009

Iri mu gace k’ibitare muri parike ya Mapungubwe, iyi centre yubatswe n’umuhanga mu bwubatsi Peter Rich imuhesha igihembo cy’inyubako y’umwaka ya 2009 mu irushanwa ry’abubatsi ku isi.

Uyu mushinga wamamaye, wubatse mu buhanga abubatsi bo muri Africa y’Amajyaruguru batiye muri Catalogne muri Espagne kandi bwakoreshejwe n’abubatsi bakomeye nka Antoni Gaudi.

Amatafari y’ibitaka hamwe n’uruvange rw’urusekabuye nibyo ahanini byubatse izi nzu kandi ‘ciment’ ingana na 5% gusa niyo yongewemo mu gukora uruvange.

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