EAC iti”Ikibazo si amasezerano ikibazo ni ukuyashyira mu bikorwa”.
Kuva kuri uyu wa 25 Nyakanga (7) amasezerano yo gufungura isoko ry’ubucuruzi hagati y’ibihugu bigize imiryango ya COMESA, SADC na EAC aratangira gushyirwa mu ngiro, nk’uko iyi miryango yabitangaje.
Iyi miryango itatu isanzwe ihuza ibihugu byo muri Afurika y’iburasirazuba n’amajyepfo ikubiyemo ibihugu 26 by’abaturage bose hamwe basaga miliyoni 800, ariko ibihugu bimwe ntibiremeza ariya masezerano.
Ibihugu 14 ni byo bimaze kwemeza ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry’ayo masezerano, ibituma atangira gukurikizwa kuva uyu munsi, nk’uko itangazo rusange ry’iyi miryango ribivuga.
Teddy Kaberuka, inzobere n’umusesenguzi mu bukungu, yabwiye BBC ko hari inyungu ku mibereho y’umuturage iva kuri aya masezerano, gusa ko kuyemeza ari kimwe kuyashyira mu ngiro bikaba ikindi.
Aya masezerano ni bwoko iki?
Intego nyamukuru ni ukugera ku masezerano yemewe n’ibihugu biciye mu muryango w’Ubumwe bwa Africa y’isoko rusange rya Africa yo gufungura imipaka ku bucuruzi ku mugabane wose.
Iyo ntego yemejwe mu masezerano yitwa African Continental Free Trade Area yasinyiwe i Kigali mu 2018, asa n’ataragiye mu ngiro kugeza ubu, abasesenguzi bavuga ko biterwa n’ubushake bucye bw’ibihugu.
Gusa hari amasezerano y’isoko rusange asanzwe akora hagati y’imiryango y’ibihugu by’uturere runaka twa Africa (regional blocs), nk’umuryango w’ibihugu bya Afurika y’iburasirazuba, East African Community (EAC).
Kaberuka ati: “Iyo uvanye ibicuruzwa muri Kenya ubijyanye mu Rwanda hari amahooro (imisoro) utishyura ku mupaka, ibijyanye na za TVA n’ibindi ntibyishyurwa, kuko ibihugu byarumvikanye biciye muri EAC.”
Guhuza isoko ry’ibihugu bigize EAC, Southern African Development Community (SADC), na COMESA “ni intambwe mu guhuza isoko”, igana ku masezerano y’isoko rusange rya Afurika.
Iyi miryango itatu ivuga ko ibihugu 29 biyigize ari 53% by’ibihugu bigize Ubumwe bwa Afurika, kandi bigize “hejuru ya 60% by’umusaruro mbumbe (GDP) w’umugabane” wa Afurika.
Bivuze ko aya masezerano niyubahirizwa azaba afunguye ubucuruzi ku isoko rinini muri Afurika.
Avuze iki ku buzima bw’umuturage?
Teddy Kaberuka avuga ko iyo urujya n’uruza rw’ibicuruzwa hagati y’ibihugu rubaho bidaciwe amahooro menshi, ibicuruzwa bigera ku muguzi bidahenze.
Ati: “Reka nguhe urugero, Zambia iri muri SADC, u Rwanda ruri muri EAC, kugira ngo uvane isukari muri Zambia uyizane mu Rwanda usanga hari umusoro wishyura, ariko ubu kuko SADC na EAC bumvikanye kuvanaho uwo musoro, isukari izava Zambia igere mu Rwanda ya mahooro ntiyishyurwe byorohe ku isoko ry’u Rwanda, aho izagura macye kurusha isukari ivuye mu gihugu kitari muri iriya miryango.
“Ni kimwe n’Umunyarwanda afashe ikamyo ye akayohereza muri Zambia, nabwo kubera ayo masezerano ntabwo bazayisoresha kugira ngo ibicuruzwa abigeze kuri ririya soko.”
Yongeraho ati: “Abantu bumve ko ibicuruzwa bivuye mu bihugu bigize iriya miryango bigera mu gihugu bigura macye ugereranyije nibiva hanze y’iyo miryango.”
DR Congo, Ethiopia, South Sudan, Tanzania…ntibirayemeza
Itangazo rivuga ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry’ariya masezerano kuva uyu munsi rivuga ko ayo masezerano amaze gusinywa no kwemezwa n’ibihugu bya:
- Angola
- Burundi
- Botswana
- Eswatini
- Kenya
- Lesotho
- Misiri
- Malawi
- Namibia
- Rwanda
- South Africa
- Uganda
- Zambia
- Zimbabwe
Rivuga ko Djibouti yamenyesheje ko nayo yayemeje, kandi ko Tanzania na Sudani y’Epfo nabyo byamenyesheje ko biri mu nzira zo kuyemeza. DR Congo cyangwa Ethiopia n’ibindi ntibirayemeza.
Kaberuka avuga ko impamvu zirimo imiyoborere bwite ya buri gihugu zituma ibihugu bitemeza amasezerano icya rimwe.
Ati: “Buriya hari ibihugu amategeko yabyo avuga ngo kugira ngo musinye amaserano mpuzamahanga bisaba ko Inteko ishinga amategeko iyemeza agasinywa, wenda na Sena.
“Hakaba n’ikindi kijya kibaho, abo twita ‘lobby groups’ cyangwa se abavuga rikijyana mu gihugu, usanga inzego zikeneye kuganira nabo kugira ngo babyemere kuko buri gihe amasezerano hari icyo ashobora kubahombya ariko hari n’icyo mwunguka.
“Hari ubwo rero usanga ibihugu bivuga biti ‘ntabwo twahita dusinya reka tubanze tuganire n’izo nzego twumve icyo bavuga’.”
‘Ikibazo ni ukuyashyira mu bikorwa’
Amasezerano atandukanye ahuza ibihugu bya Afurika mu koroshya urujya n’uruza rw’abantu n’ibicuruzwa, yagiye yemezwa ariko ishyirwa mu bikorwa ryayo rikagorana cyangwa ntirishoboke.
Kuba hari ibihugu bitaremeza aya masezerano mashya ya COMESA, EAC na SADC, Kaberuka avuga ko bidateye impungenge kuko mu gihe igice kinini cy’iyi miryango kimaze kuyemeza ikiba gisigaye ari ukuyashyira mu bikorwa.
Agira ati: “Niyo byaba 60%, amasezerano akajya mu bikorwa, byabindi bitasinye bishobora kubona icyo bihomba bikavuga biti ‘natwe reka tubisinye’.
“Icya ngombwa ni ukuvuga ngo ibyasinywe byashyizwe mu bikorwa inyungu zageze ku baturage b’ibihugu byayasinye?
“Hari n’aho babisinye ariko ntibabishyire mu bikorwa, turabizi, cyane cyane mu bihugu bifite ibibazo by’imiyoborere.
“Ikibazo si amasezerano ikibazo ni ukuyashyira mu bikorwa”.
